Napoleon and Europe

The French, under Napoleon Bonaparte, came to Egypt in 1798. They had come ashore, confronted the army of the Mamluks in the battle of the Pyramids, and soundly defeated them. Napoleon sought the cooperation of the native Egyptian leaders.
He tried to convince them that he was a friend to the muslims and that he invaded Egypt to free the people from the oppression of the Mamluks, not to destroy Islam.
As well as creating governmental changes, Napoleon and the French founded the Institut Francais, a seat of learning to work for the advancement of science, economics, arts, literature, and other disciplines. French scientists and engineers also worked on improving roads, building factories, and constructing arsenals. Napoleon also introduced the Arabic printing press to Egypt.
The Ottoman government worked against Napoleon, and the British, under Lord Nelson, destroyed the French ships, cutting off the French in Egypt. Rebellion erupted, especially in Cairo, and was quickly put down. However, with Ottoman attacks and British help, the French were forced to leave Egypt and the Ottomans were in charge again.